Institut de Radiostronomie Milimétrique
We present the results of multi-frequency monitoring of the radio quasar 3C 286, conducted using three instruments: ALMA at 91.5, 103.5, 233.0, and 343.4 GHz, the IRAM 30-m Telescope at 86 and 229 GHz, and SMA at 225 GHz. The IRAM measurements from 2006 to 2024 show that the total flux of 3C 286 is stable within measurement uncertainties, indicating long-term stability up to 229 GHz, when applying a fixed Kelvin-to-Jansky conversion factor throughout its dataset. ALMA data from 2018 to 2024 exhibit a decrease in flux, which up to 4% could be attributed to an apparent increase in the absolute brightness of Uranus, the primary flux calibrator for ALMA with the ESA4 model. Taken together, these results suggest that the intrinsic total flux of 3C 286 has remained stable up to 229 GHz over the monitoring period. The polarization properties of 3C 286 are stable across all observing frequencies. The electric vector position angle (EVPA) gradually rotates as a function of wavelength squared, which is well described by a single power-law over the full frequency range. We therefore propose using the theoretical EVPA values from this model curve for absolute EVPA calibration between 5 and 343.4 GHz. The Faraday rotation measure increases as a function of frequency up to (3.2+/-1.5)x10^4 rad m^-2, following RM proportional to nu^alpha with alpha = 2.05+/-0.06. This trend is consistent with the core-shift effect expected in a conical jet.
CTA 102 is a γ\gamma-ray bright blazar that exhibited multiple flares in observations by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope during the period of 2016-2018. We present results from the analysis of multi-wavelength light curves aiming at revealing the nature of γ\gamma-ray flares from the relativistic jet in the blazar. We analyse radio, optical, X-ray, and γ\gamma-ray data obtained in a period from 2012 September 29 to 2018 October 8. We identify six flares in the γ\gamma-ray light curve, showing a harder-when-brighter-trend in the γ\gamma-ray spectra. We perform a cross-correlation analysis of the multi-wavelength light curves. We find nearly zero time lags between the γ\gamma-ray and optical and X-ray light curves, implying a common spatial origin for the emission in these bands. We find significant correlations between the γ\gamma-ray and radio light curves as well as negative/positive time lags with the γ\gamma-ray emission lagging/leading the radio during different flaring periods. The time lags between γ\gamma-ray and radio emission propose the presence of multiple γ\gamma-ray emission sites in the source. As seen in 43 GHz images from the Very Long Baseline Array, two moving disturbances (or shocks) were newly ejected from the radio core. The γ\gamma-ray flares from 2016 to 2017 are temporally coincident with the interaction between a traveling shock and a quasi-stationary one at \sim0.1 mas from the core. The other shock is found to emerge from the core nearly simultaneous with the γ\gamma-ray flare in 2018. Our results suggest that the γ\gamma-ray flares originated from shock-shock interactions.
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