American Association of Variable Star Observers
Young planets with mass measurements are particularly valuable in studying atmospheric mass-loss processes, but these planets are rare and their masses difficult to measure due to stellar activity. We report the discovery of a planetary system around TOI-6109, a young, 75 Myr-old Sun-like star in the Alpha Persei cluster. It hosts at least two transiting Neptune-like planets. Using three TESS sectors, 30 CHEOPS orbits, and photometric follow-up observations from the ground, we confirm the signals of the two planets. TOI-6109 b has an orbital period of P=5.69040.0004+0.00045.6904^{+0.0004}_{-0.0004} days and a radius of R=4.870.12+0.164.87^{+0.16}_{-0.12} R_\oplus. The outer planet, TOI-6109 c has an orbital period of P=8.53880.0005+0.00068.5388^{+0.0006}_{-0.0005} days and a radius of R=4.830.06+0.074.83^{+0.07}_{-0.06} R_\oplus. These planets orbit just outside a 3:2 mean motion resonance. The near-resonant configuration presents the opportunity to measure the planet's mass via TTV measurements and to bypass difficult RV measurements. Measuring the masses of the planets in this system will allow us to test theoretical models of atmospheric mass loss.
Exoplanetary systems with multiple giant planets present an opportunity to understand planet formation, migration processes, and long-term system-wide dynamical interactions. In particular, they provide constraints to distinguish between smooth disk-driven migration or more dynamically excited system evolution pathways. We report the discovery and characterization of a unique multi-planet system hosting three gas giant planets orbiting the post-main sequence star TOI-375. The innermost planet, TOI-375 b, was initially detected by the TESS mission and then confirmed with photometric follow-up observations conducted using MEarth and LCOGT, and radial velocity measurements obtained with FEROS and CHIRON. The radial velocity data revealed the presence of two additional planetary candidates, TOI-375 c and TOI-375 d. We find that TOI-375 b is a hot Jupiter with an orbital period of 9.45469±0.000029.45469 \pm 0.00002 days, mass 0.745±0.053,MJ0.745 \pm 0.053,M_\mathrm{J}, radius 0.961±0.043,RJ0.961 \pm 0.043, R_\mathrm{J}, and eccentricity 0.087±0.0420.087 \pm 0.042. The outer two planets, TOI-375 c and TOI-375 d, are warm-cold and cold Jupiters with orbital periods of 115.51.6+2.0115.5^{+2.0}_{-1.6} days and 297.918.6+28.9297.9^{+28.9}_{-18.6} days, and minimum masses of 2.11±0.22,MJ2.11 \pm 0.22, M_\mathrm{J} and 1.40±0.28,MJ1.40 \pm 0.28, M_\mathrm{J}, respectively. In terms of formation and overall system architecture, the physical properties of TOI-375 b are consistent with the core accretion scenario, while the current configuration of the system could be explained by both disk-driven and high-eccentricity migration scenarios. The discovery of TOI-375 as the first known system hosting three or more fully evolved gas giants, with at least one transiting planet, makes it an excellent candidate for testing formation and migration theories.
We present TOI-2155 b, a high-mass transiting brown dwarf discovered using data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission and confirmed with ground-based radial velocity measurements from the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES). We also analyze ground-based follow-up photometric data from the Wendelstein Observatory (WST), Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope (LCOGT), and Wild Boar Remote Observatory (WBR). TOI-2155 b is a short-period brown dwarf with a period of 3.7246950 +0.0000029/-0.0000028 days. The radius and mass of TOI-2155 b are found to be 0.975 +/- 0.008 Jupiter radii and 81.1 +/- 1.1 Jupiter masses, respectively, corresponding to a density of 110 +/- 3 g/cm3. The effective temperature of the subgiant host star is estimated at 6085 +/- 78 K, which identifies it as an F-type star with a radius of 1.705 +0.066/-0.064 solar radii and a mass of 1.33 +/- 0.008 solar masses. With a mass close to the hydrogen-burning limit, TOI-2155 b occupies a high-mass regime in the brown dwarf mass-radius diagram, making it a valuable benchmark system for testing models of substellar structure and evolution.
Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) are enigmatic, evolved, massive stars. Their variability has been observed to be episodic with large eruptions, along with variations on time-scales of days to decades. We have extracted light curves of 37 LBVs from the first four years of the TESS mission. These light curves provide two years of photometric time-series for stars in the LMC, with several months of data for Galactic or SMC targets. We analyze the Fourier properties of the stellar light curves to determine their characteristic frequencies and red noise amplitudes, comparing them to mass-loss parameters through Hα\alpha strength, and in the case of the LMC stars, BVB-V color and luminosity as estimated by their apparent gg-magnitudes. We confirm the absence of correlation between any of the Fourier parameters and stellar parameters, implying that there is no trend in how these stars vary as measured with these photometric data, which may point towards these stars being an extension to the supergiant α\alpha Cygni variables and not a unique class of object with regards to their short-term variations.
We present the discovery and characterization of TOI-4364\,b, a young mini-Neptune in the tidal tails of the Hyades cluster, identified through TESS transit observations and ground-based follow-up photometry. The planet orbits a bright M dwarf (K=9.1K=9.1\,mag) at a distance of 44\,pc, with an orbital period of 5.42\,days and an equilibrium temperature of 4884+4488^{+4}_{-4}\,K. The host star's well-constrained age of 710\,Myr makes TOI-4364\,b an exceptional target for studying early planetary evolution around low-mass stars. We determined a planetary radius of 2.010.08+0.12.01^{+0.1}_{-0.08}\,Earth radii, indicating that this planet is situated near the upper edge of the radius valley. This suggests that the planet retains a modest H/He envelope. As a result, TOI-4364\,b provides a unique opportunity to explore the transition between rocky super-Earths and gas-rich mini-Neptunes at the early stages of evolution. Its radius, which may still evolve as a result of ongoing atmospheric cooling, contraction, and photoevaporation, further enhances its significance for understanding planetary development. Furthermore, TOI-4364\,b possesses a moderately high Transmission Spectroscopy Metric of 44.2, positioning it as a viable candidate for atmospheric characterization with instruments such as JWST. This target has the potential to offer crucial insights into atmospheric retention and loss in young planetary systems.
We present the discovery of 30 transiting giant planets that were initially detected using data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. These new planets orbit relatively bright (G12.5G \leq 12.5) FGK host stars with orbital periods between 1.6 and 8.2 days, and have radii between 0.9 and 1.7 Jupiter radii. We performed follow-up ground-based photometry, high angular-resolution imaging, high-resolution spectroscopy and radial velocity monitoring for each of these objects to confirm that they are planets and determine their masses and other system parameters. The planets' masses span more than an order of magnitude (0.17\,M_J < M_p < 3.3\,M_J). For two planets, TOI-3593 b and TOI-4961 b, we measured significant non-zero eccentricities of 0.110.03+0.050.11^{+0.05}_{-0.03} and 0.180.05+0.040.18^{+0.04}_{-0.05} respectively, while for the other planets, the data typically provide a 1-σ\sigma upper bound of 0.15 on the eccentricity. These discoveries represent a major step toward assembling a complete, magnitude-limited sample of transiting hot Jupiters around FGK stars.
Studying the relative orientations of the orbits of exoplanets and wide-orbiting binary companions (semimajor axis greater than 100 AU) can shed light on how planets form and evolve in binary systems. Previous observations by multiple groups discovered a possible alignment between the orbits of visual binaries and the exoplanets that reside in them. In this study, using data from \textit{Gaia} DR3 and TESS, we confirm the existence of an alignment between the orbits of small planets (R<6 R_\oplus) and binary systems with semimajor axes below 700 AU (p=106p=10^{-6}). However, we find no statistical evidence for alignment between planet and binary orbits for binary semimajor axes greater than 700 AU, and no evidence for alignment of large, closely-orbiting planets (mostly hot Jupiters) and binaries at any separation. The lack of orbital alignment between our large planet sample and their binary companions appears significantly different from our small planet sample, even taking into account selection effects. Therefore, we conclude that any alignment between wide-binaries and our sample of large planets (predominantly hot Jupiters) is probably not as strong as what we observe for small planets in binaries with semimajor axes less than 700 AU. The difference in the alignment distribution of hot Jupiters and smaller planets may be attributed to the unique evolutionary mechanisms occuring in systems that form hot Jupiters, including potentially destabilizing secular resonances that onset as the protoplanetary disk dissipates and high-eccentricity migration occurring after the disk is gone.
We report on the masses (MWDM_\mathrm{WD}), effective temperatures (TeffT_\mathrm{eff}) and secular mean accretion rates (M˙\langle \dot{M} \rangle) of 43 cataclysmic variable (CV) white dwarfs, 42 of which were obtained from the combined analysis of their Hubble Space Telescope\mathit{Hubble~Space~Telescope} ultraviolet data with the parallaxes provided by the Early Third Data Release of the Gaia\mathit{Gaia} space mission, and one from the white dwarf gravitational redshift. Our results double the number of CV white dwarfs with an accurate mass measurement, bringing the total census to 89 systems. From the study of the mass distribution, we derive MWD=0.810.20+0.16M\langle M_\mathrm{WD} \rangle = 0.81^{+0.16}_{-0.20}\,\mathrm{M_\odot}, in perfect agreement with previous results, and find no evidence of any evolution of the mass with orbital period. Moreover, we identify five systems with M_\mathrm{WD} < 0.5\mathrm{M_\odot}, which are most likely representative of helium-core white dwarfs, showing that these CVs are present in the overall population. We reveal the presence of an anti-correlation between the average accretion rates and the white dwarf masses for the systems below the 232-3\,h period gap. Since M˙\langle \dot{M} \rangle reflects the rate of system angular momentum loss, this correlation suggests the presence of an additional mechanism of angular momentum loss that is more efficient at low white dwarf masses. This is the fundamental concept of the recently proposed empirical prescription of consequential angular momentum loss (eCAML) and our results provide observational support for it, although we also highlight how its current recipe needs to be refined to better reproduce the observed scatter in TeffT_\mathrm{eff} and M˙\langle \dot{M} \rangle, and the presence of helium-core white dwarfs.
Light curves of the Z Cam type dwarf nova AT Cnc observed during standstill in 2016 and 2018 are analyzed. On the time scale of hours, previous reports on periodicities, in particular the presence of negative superhumps, could not be confirmed. Instead, a modulation with a period equal to the spectroscopic orbital period was detected which we thus interpret as a manifestations of the binary revolution. It enables us to derive a more accurate value of 0.201634 ±\pm 0.000005 days (or its alias of 0.021580 days) for the period. AT Cnc also exhibits a hitherto unreported modulation of 25.731 ±\pm 0.005 min, stable in period but not in amplitude over the entire time base of two years of the observations. We tentatively interpret this modulation in the context of an intermediate polar model for the system.
We present orbital fits and dynamical masses for HIP 113201AB and HIP 36985AB, two M1 + mid-M dwarf binary systems monitored as part of the SPHERE SHINE survey. To robustly determine ages via gyrochronology, we undertook a photometric monitoring campaign for HIP 113201 and for GJ 282AB, the two wide K star companions to HIP 36985, using the 40 cm Remote Observatory Atacama Desert (ROAD) telescope. We adopt ages of 1.2±\pm0.1 Gyr for HIP 113201AB and 750±\pm100 Myr for HIP 36985AB. To derive dynamical masses for all components of these systems, we used parallel-tempering Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to fit a combination of radial velocity, direct imaging, and Gaia and Hipparcos astrometry. Fitting the direct imaging and radial velocity data for HIP 113201 yields a primary mass of 0.54±\pm0.03 M_{\odot}, fully consistent with its M1 spectral type, and a secondary mass of 0.145±\pm M_{\odot}. The secondary masses derived with and without including Hipparcos/Gaia data are more massive than the 0.1 M_{\odot} estimated mass from the photometry of the companion. An undetected brown dwarf companion to HIP 113201B could be a natural explanation for this apparent discrepancy. At an age >1 Gyr, a 30 MJup_{Jup} companion to HIP 113201B would make a negligible (<1%\%) contribution to the system luminosity, but could have strong dynamical impacts. Fitting the direct imaging, radial velocity, and Hipparcos/Gaia proper motion anomaly for HIP 36985AB, we find a primary mass of 0.54±\pm0.01 M_{\odot} and a secondary mass of 0.185±\pm0.001 M_{\odot} which agree well with photometric estimates of component masses, the masses estimated from MKM_{K}-- mass relationships for M dwarf stars, and previous dynamical masses in the literature.
White dwarfs are compact stars, similar in size to Earth but ~200,000 times more massive. Isolated white dwarfs emit most of their power from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths, but when in close orbits with less dense stars, white dwarfs can strip material from their companions, and the resulting mass transfer can generate atomic line and X-ray emission, as well as near- and mid-infrared radiation if the white dwarf is magnetic. However, even in binaries, white dwarfs are rarely detected at far-infrared or radio frequencies. Here we report the discovery of a white dwarf / cool star binary that emits from X-ray to radio wavelengths. The star, AR Scorpii (henceforth AR Sco), was classified in the early 1970s as a delta-Scuti star, a common variety of periodic variable star. Our observations reveal instead a 3.56 hr period close binary, pulsing in brightness on a period of 1.97 min. The pulses are so intense that AR Sco's optical flux can increase by a factor of four within 30 s, and they are detectable at radio frequencies, the first such detection for any white dwarf system. They reflect the spin of a magnetic white dwarf which we find to be slowing down on a 10^7 yr timescale. The spin-down power is an order of magnitude larger than that seen in electromagnetic radiation, which, together with an absence of obvious signs of accretion, suggests that AR Sco is primarily spin-powered. Although the pulsations are driven by the white dwarf's spin, they originate in large part from the cool star. AR Sco's broad-band spectrum is characteristic of synchrotron radiation, requiring relativistic electrons. These must either originate from near the white dwarf or be generated in situ at the M star through direct interaction with the white dwarf's magnetosphere.
Continuing the project described by Kato et al. (2009, arXiv:0905.1757), we collected times of superhump maxima for 102 SU UMa-type dwarf novae observed mainly during the 2014-2015 season and characterized these objects. Our project has greatly improved the statistics of the distribution of orbital periods, which is a good approximation of the distribution of cataclysmic variables at the terminal evolutionary stage, and confirmed the presence of a period minimum at a period of 0.053 d and a period spike just above this period. The number density monotonically decreased toward the longer period and there was no strong indication of a period gap. We detected possible negative superhumps in Z Cha. It is possible that normal outbursts are also suppressed by the presence of a disk tilt in this system. There was no indication of enhanced orbital humps just preceding the superoutburst, and this result favors the thermal-tidal disk instability as the origin of superoutbursts. We detected superhumps in three AM CVn-type dwarf novae. Our observations and recent other detections suggest that 8% of objects showing dwarf nova-type outbursts are AM CVn-type objects. AM CVn-type objects and EI Psc-type object may be more abundant than previously recognized. OT J213806, a WZ Sge-type object, exhibited a remarkably different feature between the 2010 and 2014 superoutbursts. Although the 2014 superoutburst was much fainter the plateau phase was shorter than the 2010 one, the course of the rebrightening phase was similar. This object indicates that the O-C diagrams of superhumps can be indeed variable at least in WZ Sge-type objects. Four deeply eclipsing SU UMa-type dwarf novae (ASASSN-13cx, ASASSN-14ag, ASASSN-15bu, NSV 4618) were identified. We studied long-term trends in supercycles in MM Hya and CY UMa and found systematic variations of supercycles of ~20%.
We observed the 2014 superoutburst of the SU UMa-type intermediate polar CC Scl. We detected superhumps with a mean period of 0.05998(2) d during the superoutburst plateau and during three nights after the fading. During the post-superoutburst stage after three nights, a stable superhump period of 0.059523(6) d was detected. We found that this object is an eclipsing system with an orbital period of 0.058567233(8) d. By assuming that the disk radius in the post-superoutburst phase is similar to those in other SU UMa-type dwarf novae, we obtained a mass ratio of q=0.072(3) from the dynamical precession rate of the accretion disk. The eclipse profile during outbursts can be modeled by an inclination of 80.6+/-0.5 deg. The 2014 superoutburst was preceded by a precursor outburst and the overall appearance of the outburst was similar to superoutbursts in ordinary SU UMa-type dwarf novae. We showed that the standard thermal-tidal instability model can explain the outburst behavior in this system and suggest that inner truncation of the disk by magnetism of the white dwarf does not strongly affect the behavior in the outer part of the disk.
We observed RZ LMi, which is renowned for the extremely (~19d) short supercycle and is a member of a small, unusual class of cataclysmic variables called ER UMa-type dwarf novae, in 2013 and 2016. In 2016, the supercycles of this object substantially lengthened in comparison to the previous measurements to 35, 32, 60d for three consecutive superoutbursts. We consider that the object virtually experienced a transition to the novalike state (permanent superhumper). This observed behavior extremely well reproduced the prediction of the thermal-tidal instability model. We detected a precursor in the 2016 superoutburst and detected growing (stage A) superhumps with a mean period of 0.0602(1)d in 2016 and in 2013. Combined with the period of superhumps immediately after the superoutburst, the mass ratio is not as small as in WZ Sge-type dwarf novae, having orbital periods similar to RZ LMi. By using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) two-dimensional power spectra, we detected possible negative superhumps with a period of 0.05710(1)d. We estimated the orbital period of 0.05792d, which suggests a mass ratio of 0.105(5). This relatively large mass ratio is even above ordinary SU UMa-type dwarf novae, and it is also possible that the exceptionally high mass-transfer rate in RZ LMi may be a result of a stripped core evolved secondary which are evolving toward an AM CVn-type object.
07 Jun 2005
We report a photometric study of the WZ Sagittae-type dwarf nova PQ Andromedae. The light curve shows strong (0.05 mag full amplitude) signals with periods of 1263(1) and 634(1) s, and a likely double-humped signal with P=80.6(2) min. We interpret the first two as nonradial pulsation periods of the underlying white dwarf, and the last as the orbital period of the underlying binary. We estimate a distance of 150(50) pc from proper motions and the two standard candles available: the white dwarf and the dwarf-nova outburst. At this distance, the K magnitude implies that the secondary is probably fainter than any star on the main sequence -- indicating a mass below the Kumar limit at 0.075 M_sol. PQ And may be another "period bouncer", where evolution now drives the binary out to longer period.
This research aims to secure precise distances for cluster delta Scutis in order to investigate their properties via a VI Wesenheit framework. Deep JHKs colour-colour and ZAMS relations derived from ~700 unreddened stars featuring 2MASS photometry and precise HIP parallaxes (d<~25 pc) are applied to establish distances to several benchmark open clusters that host delta Scutis: Hyades, Pleiades, Praesepe, alpha Per, and M67 (d=47+-2,138+-6,183+-8,171+-8,815+-40 pc). That analysis provided constraints on the delta Sct sample's absolute Wesenheit magnitudes (W_VI,0), evolutionary status, and pulsation modes (order, n). The reliability of JHKs established cluster parameters is demonstrated via a comparison with van Leeuwen 2009 revised HIP results. Distances for 7 of 9 nearby (d<250 pc) clusters agree, and the discrepant cases (Pleiades & Blanco 1) are unrelated to (insignificant) Te/J-Ks variations with cluster age or [Fe/H]. JHKs photometry is tabulated for ~3x10^3 probable cluster members on the basis of proper motions (NOMAD). The deep JHKs photometry extends into the low mass regime (~0.4 Msun) and ensures precise (<5%) ZAMS fits. Pulsation modes inferred for the cluster delta Scutis from VI Wesenheit and independent analyses are comparable (+-n), and the methods are consistent in identifying higher order pulsators. Most small-amplitude cluster delta Scutis lie on VI Wesenheit loci characterizing n>~1 pulsators. A distance established to NGC 1817 from delta Scutis (d~1.7 kpc) via a universal VI Wesenheit template agrees with estimates in the literature, assuming the variables delineate the n>~1 boundary. Small statistics in tandem with other factors presently encumber the use of mmag delta Scutis as viable distance indicators to intermediate-age open clusters, yet a VI Wesenheit approach is a pertinent means for studying delta Scutis in harmony with other methods.
Over the past decades and even centuries, the astronomical community has accumulated a signif-icant heritage of recorded observations of a great many astronomical objects. Those records con-tain irreplaceable information about long-term evolutionary and non-evolutionary changes in our Universe, and their preservation and digitization is vital. Unfortunately, most of those data risk becoming degraded and thence totally lost. We hereby call upon the astronomical community and US funding agencies to recognize the gravity of the situation, and to commit to an interna-tional preservation and digitization efforts through comprehensive long-term planning supported by adequate resources, prioritizing where the expected scientific gains, vulnerability of the origi-nals and availability of relevant infrastructure so dictates. The importance and urgency of this issue has been recognized recently by General Assembly XXX of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in its Resolution B3: "on preservation, digitization and scientific exploration of his-torical astronomical data". We outline the rationale of this promotion, provide examples of new science through successful recovery efforts, and review the potential losses to science if nothing it done.
We present the results of multi-longitude observations of KV Cancri, an RR Lyrae star showing an irregular Blazhko effect. With a pulsation period of 0.50208 day, the times of light curve maxima are delayed by 6 minutes per day. This daily delay regularly leads to long periods of time without maximum light curve observations for a given site. To cope with this observing time window problem, we have organized a multi-longitude observation campaign including a telescope of the AAVSONet. From the observed light curves, 92 pulsation maxima have been measured covering about six Blazhko periods. The Fourier analysis of magnitudes at maximum light has revealed a main Blazhko period of 77.6 days and also a secondary period of 40.5 days. A Fourier analysis of (O-C) values did not show the secondary Blazhko period. The frequency spectrum of the complete light curve, from a Fourier analysis and successive pre-whitening with PERIOD04, has shown triplet structures around the two Blazhko modulation frequencies but with slightly different periods (77.8 and 42.4 days). The second Blazhko frequency is statistically not a harmonic of the main Blazhko frequency. Besides the two Blazhko modulations KV Cnc presents other particularities like irregularities from Blazhko cycle to cycle and very fast magnitude variations which can reach a maximum of 2.5 magnitudes per hour over a period of 15 minutes. This campaign shows that regular observations by amateur astronomers remain important. Indeed such a detailed characterization of the Blazhko effect could not be obtained from large-scale surveys, as cooperative long time-series observations are needed.
We report on photometric observations of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae, MASTER OT J211258.65+242145.4 and MASTER OT J203749.39+552210.3 which underwent outbursts in 2012. Early superhumps were recorded in both systems. During superoutburst plateau, ordinary superhumps with a period of 0.060291(4) d (MASTER J211258) and of 0.061307(9) d (MASTER J203749) in average were observed. MASTER J211258 and MASTER J203749 exhibited eight and more than four post-superoutburst rebrightenings, respectively. In the final part of the superoutburst, an increase in the superhump periods was seen in both systems. We have made a survey of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with multiple rebrightenings, and confirmed that the superhump periods of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with multiple rebrightenings were longer than those of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae without a rebrightening. Although WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with multiple rebrightenings have been thought to be the good candidates for period bouncers based on their low mass ratio (q) from inferred from the period of fully grown (stage B) superhumps, our new method using the period of growing superhumps (stage A superhumps), however, implies higher q than those expected from stage B superhumps. These q values appear to be consistent with the duration of the stage A superoutbursts, which likely reflects the growth time of the 3:1 resonance. We present a working hypothesis that the small fractional superhump excesses for stage B superhumps in these systems may be explained as a result that a higher gas pressure effect works in these systems than in ordinary SU UMa-type dwarf novae. This result leads to a new picture that WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with multiple rebrightenings and SU UMa-type dwarf novae without a rebrightening (they are not period bouncers) are located in the same place on the evolutionary track.
We report on our photometric observations of the 2016 superoutburst of ASASSN-16eg. This object showed a WZ Sge-type superoutburst with prominent early superhumps with a period of 0.075478(8) d and a post-superoutburst rebrightening. During the superoutburst plateau, it showed ordinary superhumps with a period of 0.077880(3) d and a period derivative of 10.6(1.1) ×\times 105^{-5} in stage B. The orbital period (PorbP_{\rm orb}), which is almost identical with the period of early superhumps, is exceptionally long for a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova. The mass ratio (qq = M2/M1M_2/M_1) estimated from the period of developing (stage A) superhumps is 0.166(2), which is also very large for a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova. This suggests that the 2:1 resonance can be reached in such high-qq systems, contrary to our expectation. Such conditions are considered to be achieved if the mass-transfer rate is much lower than those in typical SU UMa-type dwarf novae that have comparable orbital periods to ASASSN-16eg and a resultant accumulation of a large amount of matter on the disk is realized at the onset of an outburst. We examined other candidates of long-period WZ Sge-type dwarf novae for their supercycles, which are considered to reflect the mass-transfer rate, and found that V1251 Cyg and RZ Leo have longer supercycles than those of other WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. This result indicates that these long-period objects including ASASSN-16eg have a low mass-transfer rate in comparison to other WZ Sge-type dwarf novae.
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