Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo
Pedestrian routing choices play a crucial role in shaping collective crowd dynamics, yet the influence of interactions among unfamiliar individuals remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyze real-world pedestrian behavior at a route split within a busy train station using high-resolution trajectory data collected over a three-year time frame. We disclose a striking tendency for individuals to follow the same path as the person directly in front of them, even in the absence of social ties and even when such a choice leads to a longer travel time. This tendency leads to bursty dynamics, where sequences of pedestrians make identical decisions in succession, leading to strong patterns in collective movement. We employ a stochastic model that includes route costs, randomness, and social imitation to accurately reproduce the observed behavior, highlighting that local imitation behavior is the dominant driver of collective routing choices. These findings highlight how brief, low-level interactions between strangers can scale up to influence large-scale pedestrian movement, with strong implications for crowd management, urban design, and the broader understanding of social behavior in public spaces.
Particle-laden turbulence involves complex interactions between the dispersed and continuous phases. Given that particles can exhibit a wide range of properties, such as varying density, size, and shape, their interplay with the flow can lead to various modifications of the turbulence. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of particles is a necessary first step toward revealing the behavior of the multiphase system. Within the context of particle dynamics, accurately resolving rotational motion presents a significantly greater challenge compared to translational motion. We propose an experimental method to track the rotational motion of spherical, light, and magnetic particles with sizes significantly smaller than the Taylor microscale, typically an order of magnitude larger than the Kolmogorov scale of the turbulence in which they are suspended. The method fully resolves all three components of the particle angular velocity using only 2D images acquired from a single camera. This technique enables a detailed investigation of the rotational dynamics of magnetic particles subjected simultaneously to small-scale turbulent structures and external magnetic forcing. Beyond advancing the study of particle dynamics in turbulence, this approach opens new possibilities for actively modulating turbulence through externally applied magnetic fields.
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