Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics
This monograph, authored by B. Novosyadlyj, V. Pelykh, Yu. Shtanov, and A. Zhuk, systematically analyzes and consolidates current understanding of dark energy, providing a comprehensive review of observational evidence and exploring various theoretical models beyond the cosmological constant. The work details how diverse theoretical frameworks like scalar fields, Kaluza-Klein, and braneworld models, coupled with advanced observational data analysis, offer insights into the Universe's accelerated expansion and foundational aspects of General Relativity.
A comparative analysis of structural and flow approaches to analysis of vulnerability of complex network systems (NS) from targeted attacks and non-target lesions of various types was carried out. Typical structural and functional scenarios of successive targeted attacks on the most important by certain characteristics system elements were considered, and scenarios of simultaneous group attacks on the most significant NS's components were proposed. The problem of system lesions scale from heterogeneous negative impacts was investigated and it was confirmed that the flow approach allows us to obtain a much more realistic picture of consequences of such lesions. It is shown that scenarios of group targeted attacks built on the basis of the NC flow model are more optimal from the point of view of choosing attack targets than structural ones.
The problem of blocking certain areas of network systems and their boundary case, which is the granulation of network to a set of isolated zones, is investigated in the article. The losses that await the system due to blocking of its separate components are determined, and method for finding alternative ways of flow motion bypassing the isolated zone of network are proposed. The granulation process of the network system is reflected as a temporal network and the losses that await the system during the deployment of such processes are calculated.
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