We study the two dimensional (2D) stochastic Navier Stokes (SNS) equations in the inertial limit of weak forcing and dissipation. The stationary measure is concentrated close to steady solutions of the 2D Euler equation. For such inertial flows, we prove that bifurcations in the flow topology occur either by changing the domain shape, the nonlinearity of the vorticity-stream function relation, or the energy. Associated to this, we observe in SNS bistable behavior with random changes from dipoles to unidirectional flows. The theoretical explanation being very general, we infer the existence of similar phenomena in experiments and in models of geophysical flows.
Researchers A. Morbidelli and D. Nesvorny used hydrodynamical simulations to investigate pebble accretion onto growing planetary embryos in a perturbed gas disk. Their work validates the Lambrechts & Johansen (2012) model, showing accretion rates are within an order of magnitude of analytical estimates and that pebble accretion can form cores up to approximately 50 Earth masses before gas gap opening halts the process.
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