Climate change perceptions are fundamental for adaptation and environmental policy support. Although Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, little research has focused on how climate change is perceived in the continent. Using random forest methodology, we analyse Afrobarometer data (N = 45,732), joint with climatic data, to explore what shapes climate change perceptions in Africa. We include 5 different dimensions of climate change perceptions: awareness, belief in its human cause, risk perception, need to stop it and self-efficacy. Results indicate that perceived agriculture conditions are crucial for perceiving climate change. Country-level factors and long-term changes in local weather conditions are among the most important predictors. Moreover, education level, access to information, poverty, authoritarian values, and trust in institutions shape individual climate change perceptions. Demographic effects -- including religion -- seem negligible. These findings suggest policymakers and environmental communicators how to frame climate change in Africa to raise awareness, gather public support and induce adaptation.

The preservation, monitoring, and control of water resources has been a major challenge in recent decades. Water resources must be constantly monitored to know the contamination levels of water. To meet this objective, this paper proposes a water monitoring system using autonomous surface vehicles, equipped with water quality sensors, based on a multimodal particle swarm optimization, and the federated learning technique, with Gaussian process as a surrogate model, the AquaFeL-PSO algorithm. The proposed monitoring system has two phases, the exploration phase and the exploitation phase. In the exploration phase, the vehicles examine the surface of the water resource, and with the data acquired by the water quality sensors, a first water quality model is estimated in the central server. In the exploitation phase, the area is divided into action zones using the model estimated in the exploration phase for a better exploitation of the contamination zones. To obtain the final water quality model of the water resource, the models obtained in both phases are combined. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed path planner in obtaining water quality models of the pollution zones, with a 14$\%$ improvement over the other path planners compared, and the entire water resource, obtaining a 400$\%$ better model, as well as in detecting pollution peaks, the improvement in this case study is 4,000$\%$. It was also proven that the results obtained by applying the federated learning technique are very similar to the results of a centralized system.

This study aims to share a teaching experience teaching sound design for audiovisual productions and compares different projects tackled by students. It is not intended to be a comparative analysis of different types of teaching but rather an analysis of different problems observed in different profiles of students of the subject who study it in different grades. The world of audio can be very interesting for a large part of the students, both those with creative and technical inclinations. Musical creation and production, synchronization with images, dubbing, etc. They are disciplines that are generally interesting but can have a very high barrier to entry due to their great technical complexity. Sometimes it can take weeks or even months for the uninitiated to begin to use audio editing programs with the necessary ease, which are not always particularly intuitive for students. Learning through the use of PBL methodologies generates, in our experience, results much superior to those that can be observed through the use of other teaching methods such as master classes. Students acquire technical skills while developing creative projects in which they get personally involved. Despite everything mentioned above, most interactions between teachers and students focus on aspects of technical correction. From different parameters in reverbs (such as pre-delay, decay, modulation...) to how to correctly adjust compressors, noise gates, etc.; The number of tools with which to work with audio is incredibly extensive, as well as many of its features that can present serious differences depending on their manufacturers.

The increase in congestion in surface traffic, airborne pollution, and other environmental issues have motivated the transit authorities to promote public transit worldwide. In big cities and large metropolitan areas, adding new rapid transit lines attracts more commuters to the public system, as they frequently allow saving travel time as compared to the private mode (car) that faces high congestion. In addition, the travel time has less variability with respect to preset schedules, and rapid lines are more efficient than slow modes operated by buses. When a new rapid transit line is constructed, it partially replaces the traffic of existing slow transit lines. As a consequence, some of the slow-mode lines have to be either canceled or their routes modified to collaborate properly with the new rapid transit line. This process is usually carried out in a sequential way, thus leading to suboptimal solutions. In this paper, we consider an integrated model for simultaneously designing rapid and redesigning slow networks. The aim of the model is community-oriented, that is, to maximize the demand covered (or captured) by both modes. We present a mathematical programming formulation that is solved by using a specially improved Benders decomposition. For this purpose, we include a partial decomposition to speed up the computation. The computational experiments are done on a case study based on real data obtained from a survey of mobility among transportation zones in the city of Seville.