To achieve peak predictive performance, hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is a crucial component of machine learning and its applications. Over the last years, the number of efficient algorithms and tools for HPO grew substantially. At the same time, the community is still lacking realistic, diverse, computationally cheap, and standardized benchmarks. This is especially the case for multi-fidelity HPO methods. To close this gap, we propose HPOBench, which includes 7 existing and 5 new benchmark families, with a total of more than 100 multi-fidelity benchmark problems. HPOBench allows to run this extendable set of multi-fidelity HPO benchmarks in a reproducible way by isolating and packaging the individual benchmarks in containers. It also provides surrogate and tabular benchmarks for computationally affordable yet statistically sound evaluations. To demonstrate HPOBench's broad compatibility with various optimization tools, as well as its usefulness, we conduct an exemplary large-scale study evaluating 13 optimizers from 6 optimization tools. We provide HPOBench here: https://github.com/automl/HPOBench.

Using the tensor identity, we obtain decomposition results for the tensor product of a generalized Verma module with a module $M$ in the category $\mathcal{O}^{\mathfrak{p}}$, based on the decomposition of the restriction of $M$ to the parabolic subalgebra $\mathfrak{p}$. We show that this restriction admits an essentially unique decomposition into indecomposable $\mathfrak{p}$-modules and identify two particular types of direct summands: finite-dimensional quotients and tilting submodules. Finally, we give the complete $\mathfrak{b}$-decomposition of all indecomposable $M \in \mathcal{O}$ in $\mathfrak{sl}_2$, and of all Verma modules in the block of a dominant integral weight in $\mathfrak{sl}_3$, from which we derive explicit computations.

This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for XLZD, the next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. In the baseline design, the detector will have an active liquid xenon target of 60 tonnes, which could be increased to 80 tonnes if the market conditions for xenon are favorable. It is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology used in current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. The report discusses the baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm\,cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory will also have leading sensitivity to a wide range of alternative dark matter models. It is projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the sun and galactic supernovae.

Noncommutativity of observables is a central feature of quantum physics. It plays a fundamental role in the formulation of the uncertainty principle for complementary variables and strongly affects the laws of thermodynamics for systems with noncommuting, that is, non-Abelian, conserved quantities. We here derive nonequilibrium generalizations of the second law of thermodynamics in the form of fluctuation relations, both for mechanically and thermally driven quantum systems. We identify a non-Abelian contribution to the energy and entropy balances, without which these relations would be violated. The latter term can be controlled to enhance both work extraction and nonequilibrium currents compared to what is obtained in commuting thermodynamics. These findings demonstrate that noncommutativity maybe a useful thermodynamic resource.

We formulate a Floquet-Markov Lindblad master equation for translationally cold two-level atoms driven by a strong monochromatic wave and coupled to a common electromagnetic bath. The resulting dipole-dipole interaction reproduces the anisotropic Heisenberg model.

We present a search for solar axions produced through the axion-electron coupling $(g_{ae})$ using data from a novel 7-GridPix detector installed at the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST). The detector, featuring ultra-thin silicon nitride windows and multiple veto systems, collected approximately 160 hours of solar tracking data between 2017-2018. Using machine learning techniques and the veto systems, we achieved a background rate of $1.06\times 10^{-5}\,\text{keV}^{-1}\text{cm}^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ at a signal efficiency of about $80\,\%$ in the $0.2$-$8\,\text{keV}$ range. Analysis of the data yielded no significant excess above background, allowing us to set a new upper limit on the product of the axion-electron and axion-photon couplings of g_{ae}\cdot g_{a\gamma} < 7.35\times 10^{-23}\,\text{GeV}^{-1} at $95\,\%$ confidence level. This result improves upon the previous best helioscope limit and demonstrates the potential of GridPix technology for rare event searches. Additionally, we derived a limit on the axion-photon coupling of g_{a\gamma} < 9.0\times 10^{-11}\,\text{GeV}^{-1} at $95\,\%$ CL, which, while not surpassing CAST's best limit, provides complementary constraints on axion models.

This Letter presents the result of a 3+1 sterile neutrino search using 10.7 years of IceCube data. We analyze atmospheric muon neutrinos that traverse the Earth with energies ranging from 0.5 to 100 TeV, incorporating significant improvements in modeling neutrino flux and detector response compared to earlier studies. Notably, for the first time, we categorize data into starting and through-going events, distinguishing neutrino interactions with vertices inside or outside the instrumented volume, to improve energy resolution. The best-fit point for a 3+1 model is found to be at $\sin^2(2\theta_{24}) = 0.16$ and $\Delta m^{2}_{41} = 3.5$ eV$^2$, which agrees with previous iterations of this study. The result is consistent with the null hypothesis of no sterile neutrinos with a p-value of 3.1\%.

SecDec is a program which can be used for the factorization of dimensionally regulated poles from parametric integrals, in particular multi-loop integrals, and the subsequent numerical evaluation of the finite coefficients. Here we present version 3.0 of the program, which has major improvements compared to version 2: it is faster, contains new decomposition strategies, an improved user interface and various other new features which extend the range of applicability.

We consider categories of equivariant mixed Tate motives, where equivariant is understood in the sense of Borel. We give the two usual definitions of equivariant motives, via the simplicial Borel construction and via algebraic approximations of it. The definitions turn out to be equivalent and give rise to a full six-functor formalism. For rational \'etale motives over a finite field or the homotopical stable algebraic derivator arising from the semisimplified Hodge realization, the equivariant mixed Tate motives provide a graded version of the equivariant derived category. We show that, in sufficiently nice and clean cases, these categories admit weight structures; moreover, a tilting result holds which identifies the category of equivariant mixed Tate motives with the bounded homotopy category of the heart of its weight structure. This can be seen as a formality result for equivariant derived categories. We also discuss convolution functors on equivariant mixed Tate motives, and consequences for the categorification of the Hecke algebra and some of its modules.

We present a new formula for the coaction of a large class of integrals. When applied to one-loop (cut) Feynman integrals, it can be given a diagrammatic representation purely in terms of pinches and cuts of the edges of the graph. The coaction encodes the algebraic structure of these integrals, and offers ways to extract important properties of complicated integrals from simpler functions. In particular, it gives direct access to discontinuities of Feynman integrals and facilitates a straightforward derivation of the differential equations they satisfy, which we illustrate in the case of the pentagon.

We consider boson star solutions in a $D$-dimensional, asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime and investigate the influence of the cosmological term on their properties. We find that for $D>4$ the boson star properties are close to those in four dimensions with a vanishing cosmological constant. A different behavior is noticed for the solutions in the three dimensional case. We establish also the non-existence of static, spherically symmetric black holes with a harmonically time-dependent complex scalar field in any dimension greater than two.

Heavy-flavour physics is an essential component of the particle-physics programme, offering critical tests of the Standard Model and far-reaching sensitivity to physics beyond it. Experiments such as LHCb, Belle II, and BESIII drive progress in the field, along with contributions from ATLAS and CMS. The LHCb Upgrade II and upgraded Belle II experiments will provide unique and highly sensitive measurements for decades, playing a key role in the searches for new physics. Future facilities with significant heavy-flavour capabilities will further expand these opportunities. We advocate for a European Strategy that fully supports Upgrade II of LHCb and an upgrade of Belle II, along with their subsequent exploitation. Additionally, we support a long-term plan that fully integrates flavour physics in an $e^+e^-$ collider to run as a $Z$ factory.

We construct a diagrammatic coaction acting on one-loop Feynman graphs and their cuts. The graphs are naturally identified with the corresponding (cut) Feynman integrals in dimensional regularization, whose coefficients of the Laurent expansion in the dimensional regulator are multiple polylogarithms (MPLs). Our main result is the conjecture that this diagrammatic coaction reproduces the combinatorics of the coaction on MPLs order by order in the Laurent expansion. We show that our conjecture holds in a broad range of nontrivial one-loop integrals. We then explore its consequences for the study of discontinuities of Feynman integrals, and the differential equations that they satisfy. In particular, using the diagrammatic coaction along with information from cuts, we explicitly derive differential equations for any one-loop Feynman integral. We also explain how to construct the symbol of any one-loop Feynman integral recursively. Finally, we show that our diagrammatic coaction follows, in the special case of one-loop integrals, from a more general coaction proposed recently, which is constructed by pairing master integrands with corresponding master contours.

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2019 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) the sensitivity of parton distribution functions to the experimental inputs, (III) new developments in jet substructure techniques and a detailed examination of gluon fragmentation at the LHC, (IV) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, and (V) Monte Carlo event generator studies relating to PDF evolution and comparisons of important processes at the LHC.

This is the third out of five chapters of the final report [1] of the Workshop on Physics at HL-LHC, and perspectives on HE-LHC [2]. It is devoted to the study of the potential, in the search for Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, of the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the LHC, defined as $3~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of data taken at a centre-of-mass energy of $14~\mathrm{TeV}$, and of a possible future upgrade, the High Energy (HE) LHC, defined as $15~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of data at a centre-of-mass energy of $27~\mathrm{TeV}$. We consider a large variety of new physics models, both in a simplified model fashion and in a more model-dependent one. A long list of contributions from the theory and experimental (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) communities have been collected and merged together to give a complete, wide, and consistent view of future prospects for BSM physics at the considered colliders. On top of the usual standard candles, such as supersymmetric simplified models and resonances, considered for the evaluation of future collider potentials, this report contains results on dark matter and dark sectors, long lived particles, leptoquarks, sterile neutrinos, axion-like particles, heavy scalars, vector-like quarks, and more. Particular attention is placed, especially in the study of the HL-LHC prospects, to the detector upgrades, the assessment of the future systematic uncertainties, and new experimental techniques. The general conclusion is that the HL-LHC, on top of allowing to extend the present LHC mass and coupling reach by $20-50\%$ on most new physics scenarios, will also be able to constrain, and potentially discover, new physics that is presently unconstrained. Moreover, compared to the HL-LHC, the reach in most observables will generally more than double at the HE-LHC, which may represent a good candidate future facility for a final test of TeV-scale new physics.

Quantum physics is a long established content in high school curricula. More recently, alternative approaches based on information-theoretical formulations of quantum theory have been discussed, in which conceptual emphases change in comparison to established didactical approaches. In particular, the notions of "superposition" and "entanglement" are brought into the center of discussion in these approaches. Likewise, there is a broad public interest in the new applications of quantum physics such as quantum computing, which has led to a variety of popular depictions. In this paper we identify common inaccuracies and errors in these representations, explain the technical background and make first recommendations to avoid misunderstandings. Our initial focus is on the notion of "superposition". -- Die Quantenphysik ist seit vielen Jahren ein etablierter Inhalt der Oberstufenphysik. In jüngerer Zeit werden alternative Zugänge über die informationstheoretische Formulierung der Quantentheorie diskutiert, bei denen sich konzeptionelle und begriffliche Schwerpunkte im Vergleich zu etablierten Elementarisierungen verändern. Im Besonderen die Begriffe "Superposition" und "Verschränkung" werden bei diesen Zugängen in das Zentrum der Diskussion gerückt. Ebenfalls besteht ein breites öffentliches Interesse an den neuen Anwendungen der Quantenphysik wie dem Quanten-computer, das zu einer Vielzahl populärer Darstellungen geführt hat. In dieser Arbeit identifizieren wir verbreitete Ungenauigkeiten und Fehler in diesen Darstellungen, erläutern den fachlichen Hintergrund und machen erste Empfehlungen, um Missverständnisse zu vermeiden. Unser Schwerpunkt liegt dabei zunächst auf dem Begriff der "Superposition".

We describe a modular rewriting system for translating optimization problems written in a domain-specific language to forms compatible with low-level solver interfaces. Translation is facilitated by reductions, which accept a category of problems and transform instances of that category to equivalent instances of another category. Our system proceeds in two key phases: analysis, in which we attempt to find a suitable solver for a supplied problem, and canonicalization, in which we rewrite the problem in the selected solver's standard form. We implement the described system in version 1.0 of CVXPY, a domain-specific language for mathematical and especially convex optimization. By treating reductions as first-class objects, our method makes it easy to match problems to solvers well-suited for them and to support solvers with a wide variety of standard forms.

Reconstructing the shape of the Higgs potential realised in Nature is a central part of the physics programme at the LHC and future colliders. In this context, accurate theoretical predictions for trilinear and quartic Higgs couplings are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we present results that enable significant progress in the automation of these calculations at the two-loop level in a wide range of models. Specifically, we calculate the generic two-loop corrections for scalar n-point functions with n<=4 assuming that all external scalars are identical. Working in the zero-momentum approximation, we express the results in terms of generic couplings and masses. Additionally, by exploiting permutation invariances, we reduce the number of Feynman diagrams appearing to a substantially smaller set of basis diagrams. To ease the application of our setup, we also provide routines that allow to map our generic results to scalar two-loop amplitudes generated with the package FeynArts. We perform a series of calculations to cross-check our results with existing results in the literature. Moreover, we present new two-loop results for the trilinear Higgs coupling in the general singlet extension of the Standard Model. We also present the public Python package Tintegrals, which allows for fast and stable evaluations of all relevant two-loop integrals with vanishing external momenta.

We provide a complete set of results for the scalar 4-point function appearing in one-loop calculations in QCD, QED, the electroweak Standard Model and popular extensions thereof. Complex internal masses, which are needed for calculations involving unstable particles, are supported throughout, whereas complex momenta are not supported. In particular, for the most general, regular case we present two independent results in terms of 72 and 32 dilogarithms. In addition we list explicit results for all soft- and/or collinear-singular cases in dimensional regularization, mass regularization, and in regularizations of mixed type. The exceptional case with a vanishing modified Cayley determinant, which hardly appears in applications, is not considered.