Millimeter-wave observations of pulsars, while crucial for understanding their emission mechanisms, remain scarce. We demonstrate that high-precision cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments like the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), though designed for cosmology, offer a unique capability for such time-domain science due to their high cadence and broad sky coverage in millimeter bands. While previous ACT searches have focused on transients lasting minutes or longer, we develop and validate analysis methods to search for periodic, millisecond-scale transients, a capability not typically associated with CMB experiments. We describe a phase-resolved mapmaking approach, which leverages the known periodicity of the signal to enhance sensitivity and offers advantages in diagnosing systematic errors. We also introduce a template-based fit to the raw data timestreams that independently validate our results. Applying these methods to estimate the millimeter flux of the Crab Pulsar (PSR B0531+21), we derive 95% confidence upper limits of 4.6 mJy, 4.4 mJy, and 20.7 mJy on the pulsar's period-averaged flux density at 96 GHz, 148 GHz, and 225 GHz, respectively. These constraints fill a gap in our knowledge of the Crab Pulsar's spectral energy distribution, suggesting that it does not significantly flatten or invert at millimeter wavelengths. This work demonstrates the potential for future searches of short-timescale astrophysical phenomena with the next-generation CMB experiments like the Simons Observatory.

We investigate a relativistic cosmological model with background rotation, sourced by a non-perfect fluid with anisotropic stress. A modified version of the CLASS Boltzmann code is employed to perform MCMC analyses against Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and late-time datasets. The results show that current CMB data constrain the present-day rotation parameter to be negligible. As a consequence, the derived cosmological parameters remain consistent with the standard $\Lambda$CDM values. In contrast, late-time probes such as Type Ia supernovae (SNe) and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) allow for a higher level of rotation and yield an increased Hubble constant. However, this comes at the cost of a higher $\sigma_8$, which remains in tension with DES-Y3 measurement. Combining CMB, SNe and BAO data confirms the preference for non-rotation.

In this work we explore the structure of Clifford algebras and the representations of the algebraic spinors in quantum information theory. Initially we present an general formulation through elements of left minimal ideals in tensor products of the Clifford algebra $Cl^{+}_{1,3}$. Posteriorly we perform some applications in quantum computation: qubits, entangled states, quantum gates, representations of the braid group, quantum teleportation, Majorana operators and supersymmetry. Finally, we discuss advantages related to standard Hilbert space formulation.

Let $\mathcal{N}$ be the space of Gaussian distribution functions over $\mathbb{R}$, regarded as a 2-dimensional statistical manifold parameterized by the mean $\mu$ and the deviation $\sigma$. In this paper we show that the tangent bundle of $\mathcal{N}$, endowed with its natural Kähler structure, is the Siegel-Jacobi space appearing in the context of Number Theory and Jacobi forms. Geometrical aspects of the Siegel-Jacobi space are discussed in detail (completeness, curvature, group of holomorphic isometries, space of Kähler functions, relationship to the Jacobi group), and are related to the quantum formalism in its geometrical form, i.e., based on the Kähler structure of the complex projective space. This paper is a continuation of our previous work, where we studied the quantum formalism from a geometric and information-theoretical point of view.

We study Morita equivalence in the context of quantales with identity, in the wake of Katsov and Nam's analogous work on semirings. Among a number of other results, we prove a characterization of Morita equivalence and an Eilenberg-Watts-type Theorem for quantales.

Double Higgs production is challenging even at the High Luminosity LHC. The Standard Model (SM) $hh\to b\bar{b}WW(ZZ)\to b\bar{b}\ell\ell\nu\nu$ has a moderate cross section compared to other decay modes, but its backgrounds, mainly top quark pairs and Drell-Yan production, are overwhelming. In this work, we propose new kinematic features designed to improve the discrimination of double Higgs pairs, in the $b\bar{b}\ell\ell\nu\nu$ channel, with cut-based and multivariate analyses. The new features are built with the neutrinos' momenta solutions obtained from imposing mass constraints when calculating Higgsness and Topness variables. For the SM $hh$ production, we estimate a $3.7\sigma$ statistical significance from an optimized cut-based strategy, improving about 20% over the best estimates of the literature, and $5\sigma$ from a multivariate analysis if systematic uncertainties on the backgrounds are small. The new variables are constructed as ratios of kinematic functions of the particles' momenta, being less prone to systematic errors. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the solutions in reconstructing heavy scalar resonances and other variables of phenomenological importance.

The structure of astrophysical objects is usually modeled under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. However, actual configurations may deviate from perfect spherical or isotropic properties. Consequently, cosmic objects are expected to exhibit some degree of anisotropy. This consideration also extends to hypothetical dark structures, such as dark stars and dark matter halos. Although the nature of dark matter remains unknown, axion-like particles (ALPs) are strong candidates, suggesting that dark matter halos may have originated from bosonic configurations undergoing gravitational collapse, sustained by boson-boson interactions in the condensate state. This system is described by the Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equation. Furthermore, within the framework of the Bohm-de Broglie approach, quantum effects,encapsulated in the so-called quantum potential, may play a significant role in equilibrium astrophysical configurations. In this study, we examine a class of static anisotropic boson stars which are non-minimally coupled to gravity. By including all these factors, we derive a generalized Lane-Emden-like equation and conduct a detailed analysis of the maximum degree of anisotropy that such systems can sustain, thereby identifying physically viable equilibrium configurations. Apart from focusing on the impact of anisotropic contributions, we find that for the so-called Quantum Polytropes (when the quantum potential is the main responsible for the equilibrium condition), the anisotropic factor and the gravitational field have opposite roles compared to the classical case. This leads to a new class of hydrostatic equilibrium objects.

We introduce a two-parameter phenomenological extension of the $\Lambda$CDM model in which the equation of state parameter of the ``dust'' fluid becomes different from zero for redshifts below a transition value $z_t$. Using data from DESI DR2 BAO, DESY5 Sn~Ia and CMB distance priors ($R,l_A,\omega_b$) data, we compare our model with the standard CPL parameterization $w_0-w_a$ for dynamical dark energy. Using the Deviance Information Criteria (DIC), we find that the two models are essentially indistinguishable ($\Delta$DIC < 2) and preferred over $\Lambda$CDM with a significance $\geq 3 \sigma$. We discuss how this parameterization finds a natural interpretation in the context of cosmological backreaction and derive a prediction for the evolution of the growth factor, discussing its impact on low redshift $f\sigma_8$ measurements.

In this study, using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation, the water flow in carbon nanocones is studied using the TIP4P/2005 rigid water model. The results demonstrate a nonuniform dependence of the flow on the cone apex angle and the diameter of the opening where the flow is established, leading to a significant increase in the flow in some cases. The effects of cone diameter and pressure gradient are investigated to explain flow behavior with different system structures. We observed that some cones can optimize the water flow precisely. Nanocones with a larger opening facilitate the sliding of water, significantly increasing the flow, thus being promising membranes for technological use in water impurity separation processes. Nanocones with narrower opening angles limited water mobility due to excessive confinement. This phenomenon is linked to the ability of water to form a larger hydrogen-bond network in typical systems with diameters of this size, obtaining a single-layer water structure. Nanocones act as selective nanofilters capable of allowing water molecules to pass through while blocking salts and impurities. The conical shape of their structures creates a directed flow that improves separation efficiency. Membranes based on carbon nanocones are becoming promising for clean, smart, and efficient technologies. The combination of transport speed, selectivity, and structural control put them ahead of other nanostructures for various purposes.

We demonstrate the existence of a frequency band exhibiting acoustic transparency in 2D and 3D dense granular suspensions, enabling the transmission of a low-frequency ballistic wave excited by a high-frequency broadband ultrasound pulse. This phenomenon is attributed to spatial correlations in the structural disorder of the medium. To support this interpretation, we use an existing model that incorporates such correlations via the structure factor. Its predictions are shown to agree well with those of the Generalized Coherent Potential Approximation (GCPA) model, which is known to apply at high volume fractions, including the close packing limit, but does not explicitly account for disorder correlation. Within the transparency band, attenuation is found to be dominated by absorption rather than scattering. Measurements of the frequency dependence of the absorption coefficient reveal significant deviations from conventional models, challenging the current understanding of acoustic absorption in dense granular media.

There are few exactly solvable lattice models and even fewer solvable quantum lattice models. Here we address the problem of finding the spectrum of the tight-binding model (equivalently, the spectrum of the adjacency matrix) on Cayley trees. Recent approaches to the problem have relied on the similarity between Cayley tree and the Bethe lattice. Here, we avoid to make any ansatz related to the Bethe lattice due to fundamental differences between the two lattices that persist even when taking the thermodynamic limit. Instead, we show that one can use a recursive procedure that starts from the boundary and then use the canonical basis to derive the complete spectrum of the tight-binding model on Cayley Trees. Our resulting algorithm is extremely efficient, as witnessed with remarkable large trees having hundred of shells. We also shows that, in the thermodynamic limit, the density of states is dramatically different from that of the Bethe lattice.

The {\it Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey} (J-PLUS) is a {\it spectro-photometric} survey covering about 3,000~deg$^2$ in its third data release (DR3), and containing about 300,000 galaxies with high quality ({\it odds}>0.8) photometric redshifts (hereafter photo-$z$s). We use this galaxy sample to conduct a tomographic study of the counts and redshift angular fluctuations under Gaussian shells sampling the redshift range $z\in[0.05,0.25]$. We confront the angular power spectra of these observables measured under shells centered on 11 different redshifts with theoretical expectations derived from a linear Boltzmann code ({\tt ARFCAMB}). Overall we find that J-PLUS DR3 data are well reproduced by our linear, simplistic model. We obtain that counts (or density) angular fluctuations (hereafter ADF) are very sensitive to the linear galaxy bias $b_g(z)$, although weakly sensitive to radial peculiar velocities of the galaxy field, while suffering from systematics residuals for z>0.15. Angular redshift fluctuations (ARF), instead, show higher sensitivity to radial peculiar velocities and also higher sensitivity to the average uncertainty in photo-$z$s ($\sigma_{\rm Err}$), with no obvious impact from systematics. For z<0.15 both ADF and ARF agree on measuring a monotonically increasing linear bias varying from $b_g(z=0.05)\simeq 0.9\pm 0.06$ up to $b_g(z=0.15)\simeq 1.5\pm 0.05$, while, by first time, providing consistent measurements of $\sigma_{\rm Err}(z)\sim 0.014$ that are $\sim 40~\%$ higher than estimates from the photo-$z$ code {\tt LePhare}, ($\sigma_{\rm Err}^{\rm LePhare}=0.010$). As expected, this photo-$z$ uncertainty level prevents the detection of radial peculiar velocities in the modest volume sampled by J-PLUS DR3, although prospects for larger galaxy surveys of similar (and higher) photo-$z$ precision are promising.

Six of the key physics measurements that will be made by the LHCb experiment, concerning CP asymmetries and rare B decays, are discussed in detail. The "road map" towards the precision measurements is presented, including the use of control channels and other techniques to understand the performance of the detector with the first data from the LHC.

Efficient water transport through nanostructure membranes is essential for advancing filtration and desalination technologies. In this study, we investigate the flow of water through molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_{2}$) nanopores of varying diameters using molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrate that both pore size and atomic edge composition play crucial roles in regulating water flux, molecular organization, and dipole orientation. Larger pores facilitate the formation of layered water structures and promote edge-accelerated flow, driven by strong electrostatic interactions between water molecules and exposed molybdenum atoms. In narrower pores, confinement and asymmetric edge chemistry induce the ordered alignment of dipoles, thereby enhancing directional transport. Velocity and density maps reveal that pore edges act as active zones, concentrating flow and reducing resistance. These findings highlight the significance of pore geometry, surface chemistry, and molecular dynamics in influencing water behavior within MoS$_{2}$ membranes, providing valuable insights for the design of advanced nanofluidic and water purification systems.

It is shown that the postulation of a minimum length for the horizons of a black hole leads to lower bounds for the electric charges and magnetic moments of elementary particles. If the minimum length has the order of the Planck scale, these bounds are given, respectively, by the electronic charge and by $\mu \sim 10^{-21} \mu_B$. The latter implies that the masses of fundamental particles are bounded above by the Planck mass, and that the smallest non-zero neutrino mass is $m_{\nu} \sim 10^{-2}$eV. A precise estimation in agreement to the area quantisation of Loop Quantum Gravity predicts a mass for the lightest massive state in concordance with flavor oscillation measurements, and a Barbero-Immirzi parameter in accordance to horizon entropy estimations.

We study observational signatures of non-gravitational interactions between the dark components of the cosmic fluid, which can be either due to creation of dark particles from the expanding vacuum or an effect of the clustering of a dynamical dark energy. In particular, we analyse a class of interacting models ($\Lambda$(t)CDM), characterised by the parameter $\alpha$, that behaves at background level like cold matter at early times and tends to a cosmological constant in the asymptotic future. In our analysis we consider both background and primordial perturbations evolutions of the model. We use Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data together with late time observations, such as the Joint Light-curve Analysis (JLA) supernovae data, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) measurement of the local value of the Hubble-Lema\^itre parameter, and primordial deuterium abundance from Ly$\alpha$ systems to test the observational viability of the model and some of its extensions. We found that there is no preference for values of $\alpha$ different from zero (characterising interaction), even if there are some indications for positive values when the minimal $\Lambda$(t)CDM model is analysed. When extra degrees of freedom in the relativistic component of the cosmic fluid are considered, the data favour negative values of $\alpha$, which means an energy flux from dark energy to dark matter.

DNA has been proposed as a chemical platform for computing and data storage, paving the way for building DNA-based computers. Recently, DNA has been hypothesized as an ideal quantum computer with the base pairs working as Josephson junctions. There are still major challenges to be overcome in these directions, but they do not prevent deviceful perspectives of the main problem. The present paper explores DNA base pairs as elementary units for a scalable nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer (NMRQC). First, it presents an overview of the proton transfer (PT) mechanism during the prototropic tautomerism in the base pairs, scoring the current stage. Second, as a proof-of-principle, the paper examines these molecular structures as quantum processing units (QPUs) of a biochemical quantum device. For the model proposed here, it is theoretically demonstrated that the nuclear spins involved in the PT of base pairs can be deterministically prepared in a superposition of triplet states. Under appropriate conditions, the proton dynamics provides the minimal two-qubit entanglement required for quantum computing. The dynamics between the canonical and tautomeric quantum states (CQS and TQS, respectively) is determined from a thermally dependent Watson-Crick quantum superposition (WCQS); i.e., |WCQS> = a(T)|CQS> + b(T)|TQS> with |a(T)|^2 + |b(T)|^2 = 1. If the DNA structure is sufficiently protected to avoid environment-induced decoherence of the confined-proton quantum states, quantum information can be successfully encoded in several base pairs along the coiled double strand. As a potential applicability, a crystalline DNA device could be employed for quantum computing and cryptography controlled by a sequence of Ramsey pulses. Finally, this study critically evaluates these possibilities toward a proof-of-concept of a DNA-based quantum computer.

We describe in this paper Hydra, an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for geospatial land classification. The idea behind Hydra is to create an initial CNN that is coarsely optimized but provides a good starting pointing for further optimization, which will serve as the Hydra's body. Then, the obtained weights are fine-tuned multiple times with different augmentation techniques, crop styles, and classes weights to form an ensemble of CNNs that represent the Hydra's heads. By doing so, we prompt convergence to different endpoints, which is a desirable aspect for ensembles. With this framework, we were able to reduce the training time while maintaining the classification performance of the ensemble. We created ensembles for our experiments using two state-of-the-art CNN architectures, ResNet and DenseNet. We have demonstrated the application of our Hydra framework in two datasets, FMOW and NWPU-RESISC45, achieving results comparable to the state-of-the-art for the former and the best reported performance so far for the latter. Code and CNN models are available at this https URL

We investigate the unusual properties of quasirelativistic massless fermions under a magnetic or electric field by means of nonminimal couplings. Within this approach, the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects are properly generated in the energy spectrum of the quasiparticles. By including a magnetic field, $B$, we show that the spin splitting of Landau Levels (LL) obeys a $\sqrt{B}$ linear dependence with SOC, typical of relativistic particles. Moreover, our calculated spectrum of LLs resembles the behavior of the three-dimensional (3D) massless Kane fermions. Using a nonminimal coupling with an external electric field, we demonstrate that a Rashba-like SOC naturally appears into the relativistic equations and apply to the case of two-dimensional (2D) massless Dirac fermions. Still considering our proposed approach, the Hall conductivity is also computed for the 2D case under transverse electric field both at zero and finite temperatures for a general chemical potential. The results feature a typical quantization of the Hall conductivity at low temperatures, when the absolute value of the gap opened by the electric field is larger than the considered chemical potential.

In this proceeding we show the results found for the cross sections of the processes $\bar D D\to\pi X(3872)$, $\bar D^* D\to \pi X(3872)$ and $\bar D^* D^*\to\pi X(3872)$, information needed for calculations of the$X(3872)$ abundance in heavy ion collisions. Our formalism is based on the generation of $X(3872)$ from the interaction of the hadrons $\bar D^0 D^{*0} - \textrm{c.c}$, $D^- D^{*+} - \textrm{c.c}$ and $D^-_s D^{*+}_s - \textrm{c.c}$. The evaluation of the cross section associated with processes having $D^*$ meson(s) involves an anomalous vertex, $X\bar D^* D^*$, which we have determined by considering triangular loops motivated by the molecular nature of $X(3872)$. We find that the contribution of this vertex is important. Encouraged by this finding we estimate the $X\bar D^* D^*$ coupling, which turns out to be $1.95\pm 0.22$. We then use it to obtain the cross section for the reaction $\bar D^* D^*\to\pi X$ and find that the $X\bar D^* D^*$ vertex is also relevant in this case. We also discuss the role of the charged components of $X$ in the determination of the production cross sections.