Based on the $(2712.4\pm14.4)\times 10^{6}$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector, we present a high-precision study of the $\pi^+\pi^-$ mass spectrum in $\psi(3686)\rightarrow\pi^{+}\pi^{-}J/\psi$ decays. A clear resonance-like structure is observed near the $\pi^+\pi^-$ mass threshold for the first time. A fit with a Breit-Wigner function yields a mass of $285.6\pm 2.5~{\rm MeV}/c^2$ and a width of $16.3\pm 0.9~{\rm MeV}$ with a statistical significance exceeding 10$\sigma$. To interpret the data, we incorporate final-state interactions (FSI) within two theoretical frameworks: chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) and QCD multipole expansion (QCDME). ChPT describes the spectrum above 0.3 GeV/$c^2$ but fails to reproduce the threshold enhancement. In contrast, the QCDME model, assuming the $\psi(3686)$ is an admixture of S- and D-wave charmonium, reproduces the data well. The pronounced dip near 0.3 GeV/$c^2$ offers new insight into the interplay between chiral dynamics and low-energy QCD.

Condition monitoring subsea pipelines in low-visibility underwater environments poses significant challenges due to turbidity, light distortion, and image degradation. Traditional visual-based inspection systems often fail to provide reliable data for mapping, object recognition, or defect detection in such conditions. This study explores the integration of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to enhance image quality, detect pipeline structures, and support autonomous fault diagnosis. This study conducts a comparative analysis of two most robust versions of YOLOv8 and Yolov11 and their three variants tailored for image segmentation tasks in complex and low-visibility subsea environments. Using pipeline inspection datasets captured beneath the seabed, it evaluates model performance in accurately delineating target structures under challenging visual conditions. The results indicated that YOLOv11 outperformed YOLOv8 in overall performance.

We report a direct search for a new gauge boson, $X$, with a mass of $17~\text{MeV}/c^2$, which could explain the anomalous excess of $e^+e^-$ pairs observed in the $^8\text{Be}$ nuclear transitions. The search is conducted in the charmonium decay $\chi_{cJ}\to X J/\psi~(J=0,1,2)$ via the radiative transition $\psi(3686)\to\gamma\chi_{cJ}$ using $\left(2712.4\pm 14.3 \right)\times 10^6$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. No significant signal is observed, and the new upper limit on the coupling strength of charm quark and the new gauge boson, $\epsilon_c$, at $17~\text{MeV}/c^2$ is set to be |\epsilon_c|<1.2\times 10^{-2} at $90\%$ confidence level. We also report new constraints on the mixing strength $\epsilon$ between the Standard Model photon and dark photon $\gamma^\prime$ in the mass range from $5~\text{MeV}/c^2$ to $300~\text{MeV}/c^2$. The upper limits at $90\%$ confidence level vary within $(2.5-17.5)\times 10^{-3}$ depending on the $\gamma^\prime$ mass.

In this paper, we study two Higgs doublet models with gauged U(1)_H symmetry, motivated by the excesses around 96 GeV reported by the CMS collaboration in the searches for light resonances decaying to two photons and two \tau's. In this model, one Higgs doublet field is charged under the U(1)_H symmetry to avoid tree-level flavor changing neutral currents. The extra gauge symmetry requires extra chiral fermions, to satisfy the anomaly-free conditions. We analyze the signals of the light resonances, taking into account the contribution of the extra fermions, and discuss the consistency with the experimental results in this model.

The use of natural or bioinspired materials to develop edible electronic devices is a potentially disruptive technology that can boost point-of-care testing. The technology exploits devices which can be safely ingested, along with pills or even food, and operated from within the gastrointestinal tract. Ingestible electronics could potentially target a significant number of biomedical applications, both as therapeutic and diagnostic tool, and this technology may also impact the food industry, by providing ingestible or food-compatible electronic tags that can smart track goods and monitor their quality along the distribution chain. We hereby propose temporary tattoo-paper as a simple and versatile platform for the integration of electronics onto food and pharmaceutical capsules. In particular, we demonstrate the fabrication of all-printed Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs) on untreated commercial tattoo-paper, and their subsequent transfer and operation on edible substrates with a complex non-planar geometry.

Charged lepton flavor violation is forbidden in the Standard Model but possible in several new physics scenarios. In many of these models, the radiative decays $\tau^{\pm}\rightarrow\ell^{\pm}\gamma$ ($\ell=e,\mu$) are predicted to have a sizeable probability, making them particularly interesting channels to search at various experiments. An updated search via $\tau^{\pm}\rightarrow\ell^{\pm}\gamma$ using full data of the Belle experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 988 fb$^{-1}$, is reported for charged lepton flavor violation. No significant excess over background predictions from the Standard Model is observed, and the upper limits on the branching fractions, $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{\pm}\rightarrow \mu^{\pm}\gamma)$ $\leq$ $4.2\times10^{-8}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{\pm}\rightarrow e^{\pm}\gamma)$ $\leq$ $5.6\times10^{-8}$, are set at 90\% confidence level.

The non-isomorphic locus of a general projection from an embedded smooth projective variety to a hypersurface moves in a linear system of an effective divisor which we call the double point divisor. David Mumford proved that the double point divisor from outer projection is always base point free, and Bo Ilic proved that it is ample except for a Roth variety. The first aim of this paper is to show that the double point divisor from outer projection is very ample except in the Roth case. This answers a question of Bo Ilic. Unlike the case of outer projection, the double point divisor from inner projection may not be base point free nor ample. However, Atsushi Noma proved that it is semiample except when a variety is neither a Roth variety, a scroll over a curve, nor the second Veronese surface. In this paper, we investigate when the double point divisor from inner projection is base point free or big.

Timely detection and treatment are essential for maintaining eye health. Visual acuity (VA), which measures the clarity of vision at a distance, is a crucial metric for managing eye health. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been introduced to assist in VA measurement, potentially alleviating clinicians' workloads. However, the inherent uncertainties in ML models make relying solely on them for VA prediction less than ideal. The VA prediction task involves multiple sources of uncertainty, requiring more robust approaches. A promising method is to build prediction sets or intervals rather than point estimates, offering coverage guarantees through techniques like conformal prediction and Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) prediction sets. Despite the potential, to date, these approaches have not been applied to the VA prediction this http URL address this, we propose a method for deriving prediction intervals for estimating visual acuity from fundus images with a PAC guarantee. Our experimental results demonstrate that the PAC guarantees are upheld, with performance comparable to or better than that of two prior works that do not provide such guarantees.

We report a measurement of the cross section for the process $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi$ around the $X(3872)$ mass in search for the direct formation of $e^+e^-\to X(3872)$ through the two-photon fusion process. No enhancement of the cross section is observed at the $X(3872)$ peak and an upper limit on the product of electronic width and branching fraction of $X(3872)\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi$ is determined to be \Gamma_{ee}\times\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi)<7.5\times10^{-3}\,\text{eV} at $90\,\%$ confidence level under an assumption of total width of $1.19\pm0.21$ MeV. This is an improvement of a factor of about $17$ compared to the previous limit. Furthermore, using the latest result of $\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi)$, an upper limit on the electronic width $\Gamma_{ee}$ of $X(3872)$ is obtained to be <0.32\,\text{eV} at the $90\,\%$ confidence level.

The dark photon, $A^\prime$, and the dark Higgs boson, $h^\prime$, are hypothetical constituents featured in a number of recently proposed Dark Sector Models. Assuming prompt decays of both dark particles, we search for their production in the so-called Higgs-strahlung channel, $e^+e^- \rightarrow A^\prime h'$, with $h^\prime \rightarrow A^\prime A^\prime$. We investigate ten exclusive final-states with $A^\prime \rightarrow e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$, or $\pi^+\pi^-$, in the mass ranges $0.1$~GeV/$c^2$~< m_{A^\prime} < 3.5~GeV/$c^2$ and $0.2$~GeV/$c^2$~< m_{h'} < 10.5~GeV/$c^2$. We also investigate three inclusive final-states, $2(e^+e^-)X$, $2(\mu^+\mu^-)X$, and $(e^+e^-)(\mu^+\mu^-)X$, where $X$ denotes a dark photon candidate detected via missing mass, in the mass ranges $1.1$~GeV/$c^2$~< m_{A^\prime} < 3.5~GeV/$c^2$ and $2.2$~GeV/$c^2$~< m_{h'} < 10.5~GeV/$c^2$. Using the entire $977\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ data set collected by Belle, we observe no significant signal. We obtain individual and combined 90$\%$ confidence level upper limits on the branching fraction times the Born cross section, $\cal B \times \sigma_{\mathrm{Born}}$, on the Born cross section, $\sigma_{\mathrm{Born}}$, and on the dark photon coupling to the dark Higgs boson times the kinetic mixing between the Standard Model photon and the dark photon, $\alpha_D \times \epsilon^2$. These limits improve upon and cover wider mass ranges than previous experiments. The limits from the final-states $3(\pi^+\pi^-)$ and $2(e^+e^-)X$ are the first placed by any experiment. For $\alpha_D$ equal to 1/137, m_{h'}< 8 GeV/$c^2$, and m_{A^\prime}< 1 GeV/$c^2$, we exclude values of the mixing parameter, $\epsilon$, above $\sim 8 \times 10^{-4}$.

The process $e^+e^- \to \gamma\chi_{cJ}$ ($J$=1, 2) is studied via initial state radiation using 980 fb$^{-1}$ of data at and around the $\Upsilon(nS)$ ($n$=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) resonances collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. No significant signal is observed except from $\psi(2S)$ decays. Upper limits on the cross sections between $\sqrt{s}=3.80$ and $5.56~{\rm GeV}$ are determined at the 90% credibility level, which range from few pb to a few tens of pb. We also set upper limits on the decay rate of the vector charmonium [$\psi(4040$), $\psi(4160)$, and $\psi(4415)$] and charmoniumlike [$Y(4260)$, $Y(4360)$, and $Y(4660)$] states to $\gamma\chi_{cJ}$.

Deep learning has been a groundbreaking technology in various fields as well as in communications systems. In spite of the notable advancements of deep neural network (DNN) based technologies in recent years, the high computational complexity has been a major obstacle to apply DNN in practical communications systems which require real-time operation. In this sense, challenges regarding practical implementation must be addressed before the proliferation of DNN-based intelligent communications becomes a reality. To the best of the authors' knowledge, for the first time, this article presents an efficient learning architecture and design strategies including link level verification through digital circuit implementations using hardware description language (HDL) to mitigate this challenge and to deduce feasibility and potential of DNN for communications systems. In particular, DNN is applied for an encoder and a decoder to enable flexible adaptation with respect to the system environments without needing any domain specific information. Extensive investigations and interdisciplinary design considerations including the DNN-based autoencoder structure, learning framework, and low-complexity digital circuit implementations for real-time operation are taken into account by the authors which ascertains the use of DNN-based communications in practice.

We report the observation of two narrow structures in the mass spectra of the pi+-Y(nS) (n=1,2,3) and pi+-hb(mP)(m$ (m=1,2) pairs that are produced in association with a single charged pion in Y(5S) decays. The measured masses and widths of the two structures averaged over the five final states are M_1=(10607.2+-2.0) MeV/c2, Gamma_1=(18.4+-2.4) MeV and M_2=(10652.2+-1.5) MeV/c2, Gamma_2=(11.5+-2.2) MeV. The results are obtained with a 121.4 1/fb data sample collected with the Belle detector in the vicinity of the Y(5S) resonance at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.

The differential cross sections for the process $\gamma \gamma \to \pi^0 \pi^0$have been measured in the kinematic range 0.6 GeV$< W < 4.1$ GeV, |\cos \theta^*|&lt;0.8 in energy and pion scattering angle, respectively, in the $\gamma\gamma$ center-of-mass system. The results are based on a 223 fb$^{-1}$ data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+ e^-$ collider. The differential cross sections are fitted in the energy region 1.7 GeV &lt; W &lt; 2.5 GeV to confirm the two-photon production of two pions in the G wave. In the higher energy region, we observe production of the $\chi_{c0}$ charmonium state and obtain the product of its two-photon decay width and branching fraction to $\pi^0\pi^0$. We also compare the observed angular dependence and ratios of cross sections for neutral-pion and charged-pion pair production to QCD models. The energy and angular dependence above 3.1 GeV are compatible with those measured in the $\pi^+\pi^-$ channel, and in addition we find that the cross section ratio, $\sigma(\pi^0\pi^0)/\sigma(\pi^+\pi^-)$, is $0.32 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.05$ on average in the 3.1-4.1 GeV region.

In this study, we introduce a method based on Separable Physics-Informed Neural Networks (SPINNs) for effectively solving the BGK model of the Boltzmann equation. While the mesh-free nature of PINNs offers significant advantages in handling high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs), challenges arise when applying quadrature rules for accurate integral evaluation in the BGK operator, which can compromise the mesh-free benefit and increase computational costs. To address this, we leverage the canonical polyadic decomposition structure of SPINNs and the linear nature of moment calculation, achieving a substantial reduction in computational expense for quadrature rule application. The multi-scale nature of the particle density function poses difficulties in precisely approximating macroscopic moments using neural networks. To improve SPINN training, we introduce the integration of Gaussian functions into SPINNs, coupled with a relative loss approach. This modification enables SPINNs to decay as rapidly as Maxwellian distributions, thereby enhancing the accuracy of macroscopic moment approximations. The relative loss design further ensures that both large and small-scale features are effectively captured by the SPINNs. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through a series of five numerical experiments, including the solution to a challenging 3D Riemann problem. These results highlight the potential of our novel method in efficiently and accurately addressing complex challenges in computational physics.

We report new measurements of the total cross sections for $e^+e^-\to \Upsilon(n{\rm S})\pi^+\pi^-$ ($n$ = 1, 2, 3) and $e^+e^-\to b\bar b$ from a high-luminosity fine scan of the region $\sqrt{s} = 10.63$-$11.05$ GeV with the Belle detector. We observe that the $\Upsilon(n{\rm S})\pi^+\pi^-$ spectra have little or no non-resonant component and extract from them the masses and widths of $\Upsilon(10860)$ and $\Upsilon(11020)$ and their relative phase. We find $M_{10860}=(10891.1\pm3.2^{+0.6}_{-1.7})$ MeV/$c^2$ and $\Gamma_{10860}=(53.7^{+7.1}_{-5.6}\,^{+1.3}_{-5.4})$ MeV and report first measurements $M_{11020}=(10987.5^{+6.4}_{-2.5}\,^{+9.0}_{-2.1})$ MeV/$c^2$, $\Gamma_{11020}=(61^{+9}_{-19}\,^{+2}_{-20})$ MeV, and $\phi_{\rm 11020}-\phi_{\rm 10860} = (-1.0\pm0.4\,^{+1.4}_{-0.1})$ rad.

In this paper, we investigate cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in a cognitive radio network (CRN) where multiple secondary users (SUs) cooperate in order to detect a primary user (PU) which possibly occupies multiple bands simultaneously. Deep cooperative sensing (DCS), which constitutes the first CSS framework based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), is proposed. In DCS, instead of the explicit mathematical modeling of CSS which is hard to compute and also hard to use in practice, the strategy for combining the individual sensing results of the SUs is learned with a CNN using training sensing samples. Accordingly, an environment-specific CSS which considers both spectral and spatial correlation of individual sensing outcomes, is found in an adaptive manner regardless of whether the individual sensing results are quantized or not. Through simulation, we show that the performance of CSS can be improved by the proposed DCS with low complexity even when the number of training samples is moderate.

The cross sections of the processes $e^+ e^- \to K^+ K^- J/\psi$ and $K_S^0K_S^0J/\psi$ are measured via initial state radiation at center-of-mass energies between the threshold and 6.0~GeV using a data sample of 980~fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector on or near the $\Upsilon(nS)$ resonances, where $n=$1, 2, ..., 5. The cross sections for $e^+ e^- \to K^+ K^- J/\psi$ are at a few pb level and the average cross section for $e^+ e^- \to K_S^0K_S^0J/\psi$ is $1.8\pm 0.6 (\rm stat.)\pm 0.3 (\rm syst.)$~pb between 4.4 and 5.2~GeV. All of them are consistent with previously published results with improved precision. A search for resonant structures and associated intermediate states in the cross section of the process $e^+ e^- \to K^+ K^- J/\psi$ is performed.

We report measurements of the branching fractions for $B^0\to\pi^+\pi^-$, $K^+\pi^-$, $K^+K^-$ and $K^0\pi^0$, and $B^+\to\pi^+\pi^0$, $K^+\pi^0$, $K^0\pi^+$ and $K^+\bar{K}{}^0$. The results are based on 10.4 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected on the $\Upsilon$(4S) resonance at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ storage ring with the Belle detector, equipped with a high momentum particle identification system for clear separation of charged $\pi$ and $K$ mesons. We find ${\cal B}(B^0\to\pi^+\pi^-) =(0.56^{+0.23}_{-0.20}\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-5}$,${\cal B}(B^0\to K^+\pi^-) =(1.93^{+0.34 +0.15}_{-0.32 -0.06})\times 10^{-5}$,${\cal B}(B^+\to K^+\pi^0) =(1.63^{+0.35 +0.16}_{-0.33 -0.18})\times 10^{-5}$,${\cal B}(B^+\to K^0\pi^+) =(1.37^{+0.57 +0.19}_{-0.48 -0.18})\times 10^{-5}$, and${\cal B}(B^0\to K^0\pi^0) =(1.60^{+0.72 +0.25}_{-0.59 -0.27})\times 10^{-5}$, where the first and second errors are statistical and systematic. We also set upper limits of ${\cal B}(B^+\to\pi^+\pi^0)<1.34\times 10^{-5}$,${\cal B}(B^0\to K^+K^-)<0.27\times 10^{-5}$, and${\cal B}(B^+\to K^+\bar{K}{}^0)<0.50\times 10^{-5}$ at the 90% confidence level.